荷兰美军公墓游客中心
KAAN Architecten
KAAN Architecten受美国战役纪念碑委员会委托,为荷兰境内唯一的美国公墓设计一座游客中心。该建筑遵循地景,贴合场地的纪念氛围,与巨大、肃穆的纪念碑相得益彰。
荷兰美军公墓(NEAC)坐落在马斯特里赫特附近的林堡赫弗兰丘陵中,是美国战役纪念碑委员会(ABMC)管理的 26 座公墓之一。尽管随着时间的流逝,哀思会消退,但我们仍然需要加强对第二次世界大战持久深刻影响的认知。在国际冲突和不确定性持续增加的当今世界,游客中心提供了一个重要的途径,去纪念埋葬在此的人们,并了解促成欧洲解放的动力。这种干预并没有减损纪念场所的特性,而是通过建筑手段衬托墓地景观,带来风格与庄重感。
马赫拉滕荷兰美军公墓(NEAC)最初由美国景观建筑师Michael Rapuano、雕塑家Joseph Kiselewski、建筑事务Coolidge, Sheply, Bulfinch and Abbott与马斯特里赫特本地建筑师Alphons Boosten合作设计。KAAN Architecten事务所选择将新建筑与纪念碑建筑群保持适当的距离,以维持原址规划,并保存宁静的氛围。Karres en Brands景观设计与城市规划公司的设计帮助将建筑与景观融为一体。
在委托建造游客中心时,ABMC还要求新建筑融入为纪念场地的一部分,与包括景观墓地及荣誉法庭在内的整个建筑群相呼应。游客中心的入口广场由一排排石质座椅界定,在精心编排的场地中营造自己空间的同时,又与更大的整体和谐地融为一体。
广场和道路嵌入景观之中,并缓缓向下倾斜。缓下坡将游客引向游客中心的精美层压混凝土雨篷之中。从远处看,这种混凝土檐板似乎漂浮在地面之上,仿佛自身的体量并不存在。在内侧,透光缝隙和圆形倒角强化了空间感。
The plaza and pathway are recessed into the landscape and slope gently downward. The slow descent leads the visitor down to the protective canopy of the Visitor Center, which is made of aesthetic layered concrete. Seen from a distance, this concrete fascia appears to float above the ground, denying a sense of scale. Inside, light slits and rounded corners enhance the perception of spaciousness.
建筑栖居于檐板的框架内,下沉到倾斜的地形中,室内地坪低于地面。玻璃幕墙提供了独特的全景视角,游客可以从较低的视角静静欣赏周围的典型地貌和散布的树木。
在建筑的中心,墙壁形成一个12 x 12米的正方形,支撑着檐版的重量。正方形内是一个礼堂,表皮由温暖的美国胡桃木镶板包覆,设有服务区和卫生间,正方形的外墙则提供了展览空间。展览呈现了真实的历史物件和个人故事,展示了战争的现实和牺牲,鼓励人们反思过去,并强调了独立建设稳定与和平未来的重要性。
At the centre of the structure, the walls form a 12 x 12 m square that supports the weight of the fascia. Inside this square is an auditorium, clad in panelling of warm American walnut, as well as service areas and restrooms, while the exterior walls of the square provide exhibition space. Featuring original artefacts and personal stories, the exhibition presents the reality and sacrifice of war, encourages reflection on the lessons of the past and emphasizes the importance of working towards a stable and peaceful future.
游客中心别具一格又充满亲和力,是一次对荷兰美军公墓的建筑强化,它为游客提供了一个特殊场地,让游客得以在周围宁静的景观中学习、沉思。
Location: Amerikaanse Begraafplaats 1, 6269 NA Margraten
Architect: KAAN Architecten (Kees Kaan, Vincent Panhuysen, Dikkie Scipio)
Project team: Rita Alessio, Alessandro Arcangeli, Bas Barendse, Alice Colombo, Thomas Hagemeijer, Kees Kaan, Adam Kelly, Nicki van Loon, Edoardo Mancini, Alexis Oh, Vincent Panhuysen, Dikkie Scipio, Frane Stancic
Client: American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC)
Programme: visitor center
Design phase: June 2018 – September 2020
Construction phase: January 2022 – May 2023
Opening: December 2023
GFA: 600 sqm
Landscape designer: Karres + Brands landschapsarchitecten B.V., Hilversum
Structural designer and supervisor: Pieters Bouwtechniek, Delft
Civil designer and supervisor: Smits Rinsma, Zutphen
Mechanical and electrical designer and supervisor: HP Engineers, Gent
Building physics supervisor: DGMR, The Hague
Fire safety engineer: DGMR, The Hague
Acoustics advisor: DGMR, The Hague
Building costs advisor: B3 Bouwadviseurs, Wassenaar
Site coordination supervisor: INEX Architecten, Maastricht
Main contractor: Groep Van Roey, Rijkevorsel
Structural engineer: DeClerk & Partners, Waregem
Structural engineer contractor: C.T. de Boer, Nieuwegein
Mechanical engineer: Deltha, Diepenbeek
Electrical engineer: Maris, Heusden-Zolder
Civil engineer: Dirix, Elsloo
More: KAAN Architecten
扫描二维码分享到微信